Volume 6, Issue 1 (Avicenna Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Jun 2025)
Avicenna J Pharma Res 2025, 6(1): 27-46 |
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Kiani A, Harchegani A L, Haddadi R, Mahjub R. Development, Statistical Optimization and In Vitro/ In Vivo Characterization of an Intelligent Hydrogel Containing Methylated N-(4-N, N-Dimethylaminobenzyl) Chitosan for Glucose-Responsive Insulin Delivery. , Avicenna J Pharma Res. 2025; 6 (1) :27-46
URL: http://ajpr.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-112-en.html
URL: http://ajpr.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-112-en.html
1- 1. Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
2- 2. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
2- 2. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
Abstract: (4 Views)
Background: The present study aimed to develop an intelligent, glucose-responsive hydrogel composed of methylated N-(4-N,N-dimethylaminobenzyl) chitosan as a quaternized and aromatized derivative of chitosan.
Methods: In this study, a cross-linked hydrogel, incorporating boric acid (BA), was prepared from the synthesized chitosan derivative. The preparation of hydrogel was statistically optimized using box-behnken response surface methodology. The chemical structure and morphology of the optimized hydrogel were examined using FT-IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Furthermore, the glucose-responsive behavior of the prepared hdyrogel was evaluated by in vitro release studies. Finally, the efficacy of the prepared hydrogel in glucose-responsive insulin delivery was studied in vivo by implementation of the hydrogels in male Wistar rats and their blood glucose levels were evaluated in the pre-determined time intervals.
Results: The optimized hydrogel with proper characteristics was prepared. Following 480 min of incubation, the in vitro release study demonstrated 26.1 ± 1.84%, 52.7 ± 3.11% and 78.9 ± 3.85% of cumulative insulin release in glucose-free-, glucose 3%- and glucose 5%- phosphate buffer, respectively. Finally, the obtained in vivo results demonstrated 1.5-fold reduction in blood glucose level in diabetic animals compared to non-diabetic ones.
Conclusion: The findings obtained suggests that the hydrogel can efficiently pose glucose-responsive properties for insulin delivery.
Methods: In this study, a cross-linked hydrogel, incorporating boric acid (BA), was prepared from the synthesized chitosan derivative. The preparation of hydrogel was statistically optimized using box-behnken response surface methodology. The chemical structure and morphology of the optimized hydrogel were examined using FT-IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Furthermore, the glucose-responsive behavior of the prepared hdyrogel was evaluated by in vitro release studies. Finally, the efficacy of the prepared hydrogel in glucose-responsive insulin delivery was studied in vivo by implementation of the hydrogels in male Wistar rats and their blood glucose levels were evaluated in the pre-determined time intervals.
Results: The optimized hydrogel with proper characteristics was prepared. Following 480 min of incubation, the in vitro release study demonstrated 26.1 ± 1.84%, 52.7 ± 3.11% and 78.9 ± 3.85% of cumulative insulin release in glucose-free-, glucose 3%- and glucose 5%- phosphate buffer, respectively. Finally, the obtained in vivo results demonstrated 1.5-fold reduction in blood glucose level in diabetic animals compared to non-diabetic ones.
Conclusion: The findings obtained suggests that the hydrogel can efficiently pose glucose-responsive properties for insulin delivery.
Keywords: Boric acid, Glucose-responsive, Hydrogel, Methylated N-(4-N, N-dimethylaminobenzyl) Chitosan, Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2026/10/31 | Accepted: 2025/09/1 | Published: 2026/10/31
Received: 2026/10/31 | Accepted: 2025/09/1 | Published: 2026/10/31
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